Introduction
Sub-prefectural city in Inner Mongolia, China
County-level and sub-prefectural city in Inner Mongolia, ChinaManzhouli
满洲里市 · ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠCounty-level and sub-prefectural cityClockwise from top: City center, Manzhouli Museum, Manzhouli Stadium, Beifang Market, Shiji SquareManzhouli in HulunbuirManzhouliLocation in Inner MongoliaShow map of Inner MongoliaManzhouliManzhouli (China)Show map of ChinaCoordinates: 49°35′53″N 117°22′44″E / 49.598°N 117.379°E / 49.598; 117.379CountryChinaAutonomous regionInner MongoliaPrefecture-level cityHulunbuirMunicipal seatDongshan SubdistrictArea • Total732.4 km2 (282.8 sq mi)Population (2020) • Total150,508 • Density205.5/km2 (532.2/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)Postal code021400Area code0470Websitewww.manzhouli.gov.cn
ManzhouliChinese nameTraditional Chinese滿洲里Simplified Chinese满洲里PostalManchouliTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinMǎnzhōulǐWade–GilesMan3-chou1-li3Mongolian nameMongolian CyrillicМанжуур хотMongolian scriptᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠTranscriptionsSASM/GNCManjuur qotaRussian nameRussianМаньчжурия
Manzhouli (Chinese: 满洲里; Mongolian: Манжуур хот; ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ) is a sub-prefectural city in the Hulunbuir prefecture-level city jurisdiction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Located on the border with Russia and also not far from the country of Mongolia, Manzhouli is a major land port of entry. It has an area of 696.3 square kilometres (268.8 mi2) and a population of almost 250,000 (in 2010).
History
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In ancient times, the area was inhabited by the Donghu, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Mongols and Manchu. During the decline of China's last dynasty, the Russian Empire forced the Qing (1644–1912) to cede Outer Manchuria in the 1858 Treaty of Aigun. That treaty made the Argun River, which originates in the area, the border between China and Russia.
In 1901, the China Far East Railway was completed in accordance with the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty of 1896, linking Siberia, Manchuria/northeast China, and the Russian Far East. A settlement then formed around Manchzhuriya Station, the first stop within Manchuria for Russians. It was the beginning of the modern city of Manzhouli and the name of Manzhouli came from Russian Манжули (Manzhuli).
In 1905, Manzhouli was designated a trading center, greatly boosting Manzhouli's growth. In 1908, the Manzhouli customs post was set up. Under the Republic of China, Manzhouli (under the name Lubin [臚濱; Lúbīn; Lu2-pin1]) came under the jurisdiction of the province of Hsingan. In 1927, Manzhouli was designated as a city. In 1931, Manzhouli came under Japanese control and, with Hsingan and surrounding areas, became part of the Empire of Manchuria, a Japanese puppet state from 1932 to 1945. With the defeat of Japan at the end of World War II, the Chinese government made Manzhouli part of Inner Mongolia in 1946.
In 1992, Manzhouli became one of the first land border cities opened up by the People's Republic of China. It has since experienced a boom as a conduit for the increasing trade between China and Russia. It became even more important with the surge in cross-border trade to help ease the effect of Western sanctions on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine.
In 2017, the Manzhouli Stadium opened. The football stadium has a capacity of 20,153.
