Jogindernagar

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Jogindernagar is a city in Central Himachal Pradesh, India.

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Introduction

For the village in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, see Joginder Nagar, Great Nicobar. Municipality and Hill Station in Himachal Pradesh, IndiaJoginder Nagar The City of PowerhousesMunicipality and Hill StationJogindernagar and its suburbs, seen from Siqandar DharNicknames: Electric City, City of PowerhousesJoginder NagarLocation in Himachal Pradesh, IndiaShow map of Himachal PradeshJoginder NagarJoginder Nagar (India)Show map of IndiaCoordinates: 31°59′19″N 76°47′30″E / 31.988723°N 76.79155°E / 31.988723; 76.79155Country IndiaStateHimachal PradeshDistrictMandiNearest cityBaijnathFormation1925Founded byJoginder SenNamed afterKing of MandiGovernment • BodyMunicipal council • MLAPrakash Rana (Bharatiya Janata Party)Area • Total107 sq mi (278 km2)Elevation4,000 ft (1,220 m)Population (2022) • Total108,122 • Rank20 in state • Density1,010/sq mi (389/km2)Languages • OfficialHindi • RegionalMandealiTime zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)PIN175015Telephone code1908Vehicle registrationHP-29Literacy87.86%ClimateHumid subtropical (Köppen)Avg. annual temperature18 °C (64 °F)Avg. summer temperature24 °C (75 °F)Avg. winter temperature10 °C (50 °F)Websitejogindernagar.com Jogindernagar, or Jogindar Nagar ([dʒoːˈɡɪnd̪ər nəˈɡər]), is a municipality, and a sub district in Mandi district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Named after Raja Joginder Sen, the hill station is the terminus of the 163-kilometre-long (101 mi) Kangra Valley narrow-gauge railway. Jogindernagar is the third-largest city in the Mandi district and one of the largest urban agglomerations of Himachal Pradesh. The only city in Asia with three hydro-electric power stations, its nickname is "The City of Powerhouses". Situated in the central Joginder Nagar Valley, the region is known for paragliding, trekking, mountain biking, camping and angling. The valley is known for its Ts: trolley, trout and train. In 2015, Jogindernagar was declared the first free Wi-Fi city in Himachal Pradesh.

Etymology

[edit] Jogindernagar was named after the Mandi king Raja Joginder Sen. Its original name was Sukrahatti.

History

[edit] In 1925, Raja Joginder Sen and Col. B. C. Batty planned a hydropower scheme near the village of Sukrahatti. Alexander Sanderson was chief engineer until December 1929, when he returned to England with the project half-completed.[better source needed] Narrow-gauge railway track was laid from Pathankot to Jogindernagar—about 150 kilometres (93 mi)—to carry heavy machinery transported from Britain. A haulage system was laid from the Shanan Power House site to Barot, where a reservoir was built on the Uhl River. After tunneling and piping the water several kilometres from the river to Jogindernagar, the 110-MW Shanan Power House was built by a team of engineers headed by Batty. It was the only hydroelectric project in northern India which fed undivided Punjab and Delhi. Shanan Power House in the mid-20th century The hydroelectric scheme planned to build five power stations with water from the Uhl River. Water from the Shanan Power House was to be taken by tunnels 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to adjoining Siyuri Dhar. A reservoir was to be built in the village of Chapprot to drive turbines at the base of Chapprot Hill in stage two of the project. However, the plan was abandoned after Batty's death. During the 1960s, the Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board revived the plan. Another set of turbines was added at Bassi (a small village at the bottom of Chapprot Hill) in 1970, and the 66-MW Bassi Power House was built. Despite the Bassi Power House's economy (since it was based on tailwater from the Shanan project), no further development was made until the beginning of the 21st century. Construction of the project's third stage, the 100-MW Uhl Stage III, is ongoing in the village of Chulla (near Tullah) with two reservoirs: one near Machhyal Lake and another in the village of Raktal (near Chulla). Until the mid-20th century, Jogindernagar was northern India's largest potato market. The potato-growing valleys were not linked by roads; over 2,000 mules from the Lahaul and Spiti valleys transported potatoes from outlying areas to Jogindernagar, the only railhead in that part of the state. Potatoes from Mandi, Kullu and Lahaul and Spiti districts were brought there for transport to West Bengal.

Climate

[edit] The climate is warm and temperate; summer is much rainier than winter. According to the Köppen climate classification, Jogindernagar has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa). Its average annual temperature is 18.6 °C (65.5 °F), and its average annual rainfall is 1,851 millimetres (72.9 in). November is the driest month, with 25 millimetres (0.98 in) of rain. The wettest month is August, with an average of 781 millimetres (30.7 in). The warmest month is June, with an average temperature of 26.5 °C (79.7 °F); January is the coldest, with an average temperature of 8.1 °C (46.6 °F). The difference in precipitation between August and November is 756 millimetres (29.8 in), and the variation in temperature throughout the year is 42 °C (108 °F). Winter temperature may fall to −3 °C (27 °F) in Jogindernagar and −10 °C (14 °F) at higher altitudes, which receive heavy snowfall from December to March; Jogindernagar receives occasional snow. Although summers are warm, the maximum temperature rarely exceeds 36 °C (97 °F); the record high is 39 °C (102 °F). Climate data for Jogindernagar Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 16.6(61.9) 18.4(65.1) 25.8(78.4) 28.1(82.6) 31.7(89.1) 32.6(90.7) 29.0(84.2) 28.0(82.4) 27.1(80.8) 26.0(78.8) 21.2(70.2) 18.2(64.8) 25.2(77.4) Daily mean °C (°F) 8.1(46.6) 12.6(54.7) 16.8(62.2) 19.6(67.3) 24.2(75.6) 26.5(79.7) 24.6(76.3) 23.8(74.8) 22.2(72.0) 19.1(66.4) 14.9(58.8) 10.4(50.7) 18.6(65.4) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.7(38.7) 4.9(40.8) 8.8(47.8) 14.1(57.4) 18.7(65.7) 19.5(67.1) 20.2(68.4) 20.6(69.1) 19.3(66.7) 14.3(57.7) 8.6(47.5) 4.6(40.3) 13.1(55.6) Average precipitation mm (inches) 114(4.5) 94(3.7) 120(4.7) 61(2.4) 62(2.4) 208(8.2) 726(28.6) 781(30.7) 345(13.6) 63(2.5) 25(1.0) 48(1.9) 2,647(104.2) Source: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 1179m

Points of interest

[edit] Funicular track Haulage trolley: India's highest cable funicular railway climbs from the base station of Shanan Power House at 1,240 to 2,530 metres (4,070 to 8,300 ft) at its highest station of Head Gear. Winch Camp: The highest settlement in the Joginder Nagar Valley, at 2,450 metres (8,040 ft). A trolley track goes from Winch Camp to Head Gear (2550 meters), and the funicular descends to Barot. Currently non-operational, the 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) narrow-gauge track from Winch Camp to Head Gear is India's highest railway track. Hill town of Barot and reservoir in 2007 Barot: Contains the main Uhl River reservoirs for the Shanan and Bassi hydroelectric projects. Bir-Billing: Bir is home to Tibetan Buddhist monasteries. At 2,430 metres (7,970 ft), Billing is a paragliding and hang gliding take-off spot. It hosted the 2015 Paragliding World Cup. Shanan Power House: India's first megawatt hydroelectric power project, commissioned in 1932 Kangra Valley Railway: The narrow-gauge railway runs between Pathankot and Jogindernagar. Passing through two tunnels, the railway is on UNESCO's tentative list to be added to its mountain railways of India World Heritage Site. Paragliding World Cup 2015 at Bir-Billing Dehnasar Lake: High-altitude lake in the Dhauladhar range Banderi Temple and Kila Karanpur: Banderi Temple is on the hill to the north-west of Jogindernagar. Kila Karanpur is the abandoned fort of Raja Karan Sen, son of Raja Joginder Sen. Macchial Lake: Lake which is considered sacred Jhatingri: Hill resort at 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) with Himalayan cedar, known for camping and trekking, is the gateway to the Barot Valley. Herbal Garden and Museum: North India's largest herbal garden and institute for research of Ayurvedic medicine and plants Dhelu: Paragliding take-off spot for instruction and solo or tandem flights Phuladhar: Hilltop resort at 2,290 metres (7,510 ft), east of Jogindernagar, is known for paragliding, camping, trekking and 360-degree views of Joginder Nagar and Barot Valleys. Dzongsar Khyentse Monastery: One of six Buddhist monasteries and schools in nearby Chauntra village exemplifies Tibetan architecture and religious practice. Chaina Pass: Mountain pass at 2,730 metres (8,960 ft) connects Barot Valley at Rajgundha to Joginder Nagar Valley at Billing and the adjacent Kangra Valley. Bhubu Pass: This high-altitude pass, 2,900 metres (9,500 ft) high between Kullu and Jogindernagar, was the only link between the towns. Batty Pass: Named after B. C. Batty, this mid-altitude 2,530-metre (8,300 ft) pass parallels haulage rail track to connect Jogindernagar Valley (near Winch Camp) to Barot Valley at Headgear.

Jogindernagar

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