Jalandhar

Introduction

Metropolis in Punjab, India This article is about the municipality in Punjab. For its namesake district, see Jalandhar district. Metropolis in Punjab, IndiaJalandharMetropolisDevi Talab MandirSt. Mary's Cathedral, JalandharGuru Ravidass Dham in Bootan MandiJalandhar CantonmentJalandhar skylineGuru Gobind Singh StadiumJang-e-Azadi MemorialJalandharShow map of PunjabJalandharShow map of IndiaCoordinates: 31°19′34″N 75°34′34″E / 31.326015°N 75.576180°E / 31.326015; 75.576180Country IndiaState PunjabDistrictJalandharEstablished100 ADNamed afterIn WaterGovernment • TypeDemocratic • BodyPolitical • Divisional CommissionerPardeep Kumar, IAS • Deputy CommissionerHimanshu Aggarwal, IAS • Member of ParliamentCharanjit Singh Channi, INCArea • Total44 sq mi (115 km2) • Rank3rd in PunjabElevation748 ft (228 m)Population (2011) • Total868,929 • Density2,190/sq mi (847/km2)DemonymJalandhariyeTime zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)PIN144 001Area code0181Vehicle registrationPB08, PB90, PB37 PB67, PB33Literacy75.3%sex ratio922 females per 1000 maleWebsitejalandhar.nic.in Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar.

History

[edit] Kos Minar along GT Road in Dakhini near Jalandhar, (Sher Shah Suri period) The history of Jalandhar District comprises three periods — ancient, medieval and modern. Ancient[edit] The city may be named after Jalandhara, a Nath Guru who was from here.[citation needed]. It may also be named after Jalandhara, a son of Shiva mentioned in the Shiva Purana. The city was founded by Devasya Verma as mentioned in the Vedas. Other possibilities include that it was the capital of the kingdom of Lava, a son of Rama, or that the name derives from the vernacular term Jalandhar, meaning area inside the water, i.e., tract lying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas. The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley civilisation have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of the Harappa period. Jalandhar was known as Prasthala during the Vedic period and it was the capital of the Trigarta Kingdom. Medieval[edit] Jalandhar and the Doaba may have been conquered around 1070 by the Ghaznavids during the reign of Ibrahim of Ghazni. The city was conquered by Raja Jasrat in 1431. It later formed part of the province of Lahore during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. The 18th century saw upheaval in Jalandhar amidst an anarchy caused by the disintegration of the Mughals and power struggles involving Persians, Afghans and Sikhs. It was captured by the Faizullahpuria Misl in 1766, and in 1811 Maharaja Ranjit Singh incorporated it within the Sikh Empire. In 1849, following the annexation of the Punjab by the East India Company, the city of Jalandhar, written in English as Jullundur by company officials, became the headquarters of the division and District of the same name. In 1858, company rule in India ended and the city became part of the British Raj. In the mid to late 19th century, the Punjab administration regarded Jullundur as too densely populated and farmed to capacity. This led to the district being a chief recruitment area for settlers to colonise the newly irrigated Punjab Canal Colonies, in western Punjab. Modern[edit] The Khilafat Movement started in the district in the early 1920s to bring pressure on the government to change their policy towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi extended sympathy and support to this movement, however in response, the District was declared a 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious Meetings Act. In 1924, Pakistani general and military dictator Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was born in the city. Prior to the partition of India, Muslims were in plurality in Jalandhar district. According to the 1941 census, Muslims made up 45.2% of the population, compared to Hindus and Sikhs being 27.6% and 26.5% respectively. Within a period of 10 years, from 1941 to 1951, the Muslim population in Jalandhar district reduced from 45.2% to 0.2%.

Geography

[edit] Climate[edit] The city has a hot semi-arid climate with cool winters and long, hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 41 °C or 105.8 °F to average lows of around 25 °C or 77 °F. Winter temperatures have highs of 19 °C or 66.2 °F to lows of 6 °C (43 °F). The climate is dry, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 centimetres or 28 inches. In 2018, Jalandhar witnessed unusually heavy rainfall, with an over 20% increase from average rainfall levels. Since it is located in the northern plains, the area feels quite cold during winters and very hot during summers. Rainfall[edit] The city receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 700 millimetres (28 in). However, fluctuations are not uncommon, as observed in 2018 when Jalandhar experienced a significant increase in precipitation. The city registered over a 20% increase from its average rainfall that year, which marked it as a year of heavy rainfall. Despite the variations in climate across seasons, one thing remains constant: the extremity of temperatures, with winters feeling notably cold, and summers, feelings markedly hot due to Jalandhar's location in the northern plains. Climate data for Jalandhar Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.4(66.9) 21.6(70.9) 26.0(78.8) 34.5(94.1) 39.4(102.9) 40.6(105.1) 34.1(93.4) 33.1(91.6) 32.6(90.7) 31.5(88.7) 27.2(81.0) 22.3(72.1) 30.2(86.4) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 6.2(43.2) 8.6(47.5) 13.2(55.8) 19.0(66.2) 23.8(74.8) 25.6(78.1) 24.7(76.5) 25.8(78.4) 21.8(71.2) 18.3(64.9) 12.1(53.8) 7.2(45.0) 17.2(63.0) Average rainfall mm (inches) 10.7(0.42) 16.7(0.66) 32.8(1.29) 15.2(0.60) 59.4(2.34) 89.7(3.53) 175.2(6.90) 223.6(8.80) 60.6(2.39) 1.5(0.06) 16(0.6) 15.9(0.63) 717.3(28.22) Source: Jalandhar has been ranked 39th best "National Clean Air City" under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.

Demographics

[edit] See also: List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh Population[edit] As per the 2011 census, Jalandhar had a population of 868,929, of which 460,811 were male, and 408,118 female. The literacy rate is 86.20%: for males are 88.81% and females 83.26%. Children of 0-6 years are 90,044 (10.36%), with a sex ratio of 867 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes are 27.26% of the population. Religion[edit] Religion in Jalandhar city Religion Percent Hinduism   74.90% Sikhism   21.39% Islam   1.47% Christianity   1.02% Others   1.22% As per the census of 2011, Hinduism is the predominant religion in Jalandhar city, with adherents of Sikhism being a significant minority. Religious groups in Jalandhar City (1868−2011) Religiousgroup 1868 1881: 520  1891: 68  1901: 44  1911: 20  1921: 23  1931: 26  1941: 32  2011 Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Islam 33,601 67.11% 31,326 60.1% 38,994 58.9% 40,081 59.17% 40,903 58.59% 42,261 59.52% 52,577 59.06% 80,242 59.31% 12,744 1.47% Hinduism 15,921 31.8% 18,514 35.52% 23,085 34.87% 24,715 36.49% 23,383 33.49% 24,253 34.16% 30,833 34.63% 48,375 35.76% 650,863 74.9% Sikhism 468 0.93% 363 0.7% 2,274 3.43% 901 1.33% 3,636 5.21% 2,686 3.78% 3,003 3.37% 4,676 3.46% 185,869 21.39% Christianity 77 0.15% —N/a —N/a 1,569 2.37% 1,543 2.28% 1,440 2.06% 1,322 1.86% 1,533 1.72% 977 0.72% 8,889 1.02% Jainism —N/a —N/a 373 0.72% 347 0.52% 471 0.7% 438 0.63% 477 0.67% 1,014 1.14% 768 0.57% 3,203 0.37% Zoroastrianism —N/a —N/a —N/a —N/a 3 0% 22 0.03% 18 0.03% 9 0.01% 70 0.08% —N/a —N/a —N/a —N/a Buddhism —N/a —N/a —N/a —N/a 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% —N/a —N/a 1,407 0.16% Others 0 0% 1,543 2.96% 0 0% 2 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 245 0.18% 5,954 0.69% Total population 50,067 100% 52,119 100% 66,202 100% 67,735 100% 69,818 100% 71,008 100% 89,030 100% 135,283 100% 868,929 100% Languages spoken in Jalandhar city (2011) Punjabi (81.5%) Hindi (15.6%) Others (2.89%) At the time of the 2011 census, 81.48% of the population spoke Punjabi and 15.63% Hindi as their first language.

Economy

[edit] Jalandhar is notable for its sports goods industry. With an employment of 60,000 to 70,000 people, it is estimated to be ₹1,700 crore industry, with ₹400 crore export and ₹1,300 crore domestic supply. In 2022, the Sports Goods Manufacturers and Exporters Association in Jalandhar, with collaboration from local self-help groups, started an initiative to train 1,500 women in stitching soccer balls, ensuring financial development and welfare in the district. Another significant contributor to Jalandhar's economy is its leather industry, having a turn over of ₹1,200 to ₹1,500 crore, and ₹400 crore export. Smart City Project[edit] In the second phase of the Indian Government's Smart City Project, Jalandhar has been selected to participate, marking a pivotal shift in the city's development.

Municipal finance

[edit] According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the Jalandhar Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹353 crore (US$42 million) and total expenditure of ₹316 crore (US$38 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 13.9% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹238 crore in grants during the financial year.

Transport

[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message) By air[edit] The nearest airport is Adampur Airport, northwest of Jalandhar, which currently only handles scheduled operation on maiden flights of the private carrier Spicejet, to Delhi, Mumbai and Jaipur. The nearest fully-fledged International Airport is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, in Amritsar. It is the second busiest airport in North India, and is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including London Stansted, Birmingham, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago. By rail[edit] Direct train service is available for other major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur, Jhansi, Gwalior, Bhopal and Jammu Tawi. Some prestigious trains that halt in Jalandhar City railway station include the Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, and the Paschim Express. Now, many trains of Jammu route are extended up to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra. Jalandhar City Railway Station is well-connected to other parts of the country. Jalandhar City is a major stop between the Amritsar-Delhi rail link, which is serviced by Shatabdi Express, Intercity Express, among others. Direct Services to major cities such as Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur and Jammu Tawi are available. There are prestigious services such as the Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express. By road[edit] There is one of the largest networks of bus services of Punjab at Shaheed-e-Azam, Sardar Bhagat Singh ISBT (Jalandhar), Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttrakhand, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators.

Religious places

[edit] Shri Paramhans Adwait Matt Ashram, Shri Anandpur Wale, St. No. 3, Central Town (organised by Shri Shabad Punitanand ji (Veena Bai ji) Historical temple of Shri Bawa Lal, Dayal Mandir, Partap Bagh Shaktipeeth Mata Tripura Malini ji Dhaam Church of Signs and Wonders Gurudwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib Dham Gurdwara Guru Ravidass Dham Devi Talab Mandir Dera Baba Murad Shah Gurdwara Guru Ravidas, Guru Ramdas Nagar Dera Sach Khand Gurdwara Singh Sabha Gurdwara Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar Geeta Mandir Jalandhar

Media

[edit] Punjab Kesari header with the photos of its founders, Lala Jagat Narain and Romesh Chander. Jag Bani Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India). It was established in 1979 and produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India. The city is the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, Truescoop News, Hind Samachar, etc. State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Jalandhar that transmits programs of mass interest. FM local radio stations include: Radio city 91.9 MHz BIG FM 92.7 92.7 MHz 94.3 FM-My Fm- 94.3 MHz Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz All India Radio 102.7 MHz

Healthcare

[edit] The Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar claims that the city has over 800 hospitals, making it the city with the highest number of hospitals per capita in Asia. Three new Health Centres were set up in Jalandhar on 9 September 2020. Further information: Kidney Hospital

Sports

[edit] Cricket[edit] Cricket is very popular in the grounds and streets of Jalandhar. There is an international-standard stadium at Gandhi Stadium, formerly known as Burlton Park. The Indian cricket team played a Test Match against the Pakistan cricket team on this ground on 24 September 1983. Kabaddi[edit] Major Kabaddi matches are usually held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium. Guru Gobind Singh Stadium[edit] Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used for football matches and served as the home stadium of JCT Mills FC. People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. The Punjab government has started new projects at the stadium. Surjit Hockey Stadium[edit] Surjeet Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It is named after Jalandhar-born Olympian Surjit Singh. This stadium is home of the franchise Sher-e-Punjab of the World Series Hockey. Sports college[edit] There is a Government Sports College in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this college, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball and basketball.

Education

[edit] Main article: List of institutions of higher education in Punjab Higher education institutions in Jalandhar include; Universities[edit] Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology DAV University Doaba College Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar GNA University Guru Nanak Dev University I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Lovely Professional University Kanya Maha Vidyalaya Mehr Chand Polytechnic College Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Schools[edit] St. Joseph's Boys' School, Jalandhar, Defence Colony

Notable people

[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Jahangir Khan – first-class cricketer and javelin thrower Ahmed Raza – Civil servant and first-class cricketer Wajid Ali Khan Burki – Pakistani ophthalmologist and Army Medical Corps general Jamshed Burki – Pakistan Army Captain and Interior Secretary of Pakistan I. K. Gujral – 12th Prime Minister of India Zia-Ul-Haq – 6th President of Pakistan and 2nd Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) Khalid Mahmud Arif – Vice Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan) Diljit Dosanjh Sugandha Mishra Amrish Puri Harbhajan Singh Rannvijay Singh Dharam Singh Uppal Name Occupation Yash Chopra Producer/Director Anurag Singh (director) Director, Producer, Writer Diljit Dosanjh Actor, Singer Karambir Singh 24th Chief of Naval Staff of Indian Navy Ranbir Singh Kanwar Sugarcane Researcher, Director of Research (Agriculture) PAU, Director of Research Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University Lawrence Durrell Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer Vanya Mishra Winner of Miss India Femina 2012 Sunil Dutt Actor Kundan Lal Saigal Actor/Singer Amrish Puri Actor Jazzy B Singer Apache Indian Singer Sarbjit Cheema Singer Kanth Kaler Singer Karan Mehra Actor Nooran Sisters Singers Master Saleem Singer Hans Raj Hans Singer Jagjit Singh Singer Bahadur Singh Indian former shot putter who won gold medal General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Chief of Army Staff, fourth Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State Hafeez Jullundhri Writer and poet Baba Kashmira Singh Head of Sidhant Sant Samaj or Gurbani Paul Nischal NRI President, first Indian candidate for the British Political Party Col. Balbir Singh Kular Hockey Player Varinder Singh Ghuman Bodybuilder, Wrestler and Punjabi Film Actor Ajit Pal Singh Hockey Player Pargat Singh Hockey Player Inder Kumar Gujral Former Prime Minister of India Harbhajan Singh Cricketer Wasim Sajjad Two-time Acting President of Pakistan, Ex-Chairman of Senate Sheikh Anwarul Haq Former Chief Justice Mian Mohammed Sharif Surveyor General Lala Amarnath Cricketer Sushil Kohli Swimmer Lala Jagat Narain Freedom fighter and founder of Punjab Kesri Basheer Hussain Najafi One of the six Grand Ayatollahs Taruwar Kohli Cricketer Swaran Singh Politician Udham Singh (field hockey) Hockey Player Avneet Kaur Actress Darshan Singh (field hockey) Hockey Player Salma Mumtaz Actress Saurav Mandal Football player Ashwini Kumar Chopra Journalist, Politician (MP-Karnal) Kartar Singh Duggal Writer Kulwant Singh Virk Writer Ishar Singh (poet) Poet Sadhu Singh Hamdard Freedom fighter and Writer Prem Parkash Writer Ajit Saini Writer and Army General Hasrat Writer Gurbachan Singh Talib Writer Gurdial Singh Writer and novelist Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Swami Shraddhanand Indian educationist and an Arya Samaj missionary Wazir Ali Cricketer R. Paul Dhillon Indo-Canadian journalist Arun Shourie Politician, author, and journalist Agha Sadiq Writer and poet Fateh Ali Khan Singer. Father of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Dharam Singh Uppal Athlete Balbir Singh Sr. Hockey Player Mandeep Singh Cricketer Vimi Actress Ranvir Shorey Actor Sugandha Mishra Singer, Anchor, Comedian Nalini Priyadarshni Poet, Writer Vijay Sampla State Minister in Union Govt Bhagat Chunni Lal Minister in Punjab Govt Ram Kapoor Indian Actor Buta Singh Ex-Home Minister of India Sukhbir Singh Punjabi Musician, Singer Amarjit Kaypee Former highest run scorer in Ranji Trophy (Cricket) Akshaye Khanna Indian Actor Surbhi Jyoti Indian Actress Jyotica Tangri Playback singer, appeared in several reality TV shows Lord Wilberforce British Judge Jass Manak Singer Manpreet Singh Hockey Player Garry Sandhu Singer Akhil Singer Jasmine Sandlas Singer Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota Former DGP and State Police Chief of Punjab Mohinder Singh Kaypee Former Member Parliament and Cabinet Minister Santokh Singh Chaudhary Former Member Parliament Darshan Singh Kaypee Former Cabinet Minister who was shot dead by Khalistani terrorists Som Parkash Former Union Minister, Government of India Jagjit Singh (politician) Former Cabinet Minister, Punjab Sarwan Singh Phillaur Former Cabinet Minister of Punjab Avinash Chander Former Member of Legislative Assembly, Punjab Rajinder Johar Philanthropist with quadriplegia Rachel Gupta Model and Miss Grand International 2024