Calw

Introduction

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German.  (February 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Calw]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Calw}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Calw" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Town in Baden-Württemberg, GermanyCalw TownMarket square Coat of armsLocation of Calw within Calw district Location of CalwCalw Show map of GermanyCalw Show map of Baden-WürttembergCoordinates: 48°43′N 8°44′E / 48.717°N 8.733°E / 48.717; 8.733CountryGermanyStateBaden-WürttembergAdmin. regionKarlsruheDistrictCalwGovernment • Lord mayor (2019–27) Florian Kling (Ind.)Area • Total59.88 km2 (23.12 sq mi)Highest elevation630 m (2,070 ft)Lowest elevation330 m (1,080 ft)Population (2024-12-31) • Total25,001 • Density417.5/km2 (1,081/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)Postal codes75351-75365Dialling codes07051, 07053Vehicle registrationCWWebsiterathaus.calw.de Calw (German pronunciation: [ˈkalf] ⓘ; previously pronounced [ˈkalp] and in old sources sometimes spelled Kalb accordingly; Swabian: Calb) is a town in the middle of Baden-Württemberg in the south of Germany, capital and largest town of the district Calw. It is located in the Northern Black Forest and is approximately 18 km (11 mi) south of Pforzheim and 33 km (21 mi) west of Stuttgart. It has the status of a große Kreisstadt.

Geography

[edit] Location[edit] Calw is located in the valley of the Nagold in the Northern Black Forest at an altitude between 330 and 630 metres (1,080–2,070 ft) above sea level.[citation needed] The historic centre lies west of the river. The newer parts of town have developed on the surrounding slopes. The following streams also exist within the town: the Tälesbach, Ziegelbach, Wurstbrunnenbach, Schießbach, Schlittenbach und Schweinbach. In the northern part of the town, on the western slope of the Nagold valley is the cave known as the Bruderhöhle. Neighbouring communities[edit] The following towns and communities (Gemeinden) border on the town of Calw (clockwise, from the north): Bad Liebenzell, Althengstett, Gechingen, Wildberg, Neubulach, Bad Teinach-Zavelstein, Neuweiler, Bad Wildbad and Oberreichenbach (all in the Calw district). Subdivisions[edit] Calw has 13 subdivisions known as Stadtteile (quarters or neighborhoods): Altburg, Oberriedt, Speßhardt, Spindlershof, Weltenschwann, Calw, Alzenberg, Heumaden, Wimberg, Hirsau, Ernstmühl, Holzbronn und Stammheim. The subdivision known as Calw corresponds to the historic town centre. The following subdivisions are centered on historic villages: Altburg, Alzenberg, Hirsau, Holzbronn, and Stammheim. Climate[edit] Climate data for Calw Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.0(35.6) 3.9(39.0) 8.2(46.8) 12.6(54.7) 17.0(62.6) 20.2(68.4) 22.5(72.5) 22.0(71.6) 18.9(66.0) 13.3(55.9) 6.9(44.4) 3.2(37.8) 12.6(54.6) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.2(26.2) −2.5(27.5) 0.0(32.0) 3.1(37.6) 7.1(44.8) 10.4(50.7) 12.1(53.8) 11.8(53.2) 8.9(48.0) 5.1(41.2) 0.8(33.4) −2.2(28.0) 4.3(39.7) Average precipitation mm (inches) 60(2.4) 53(2.1) 57(2.2) 40(1.6) 78(3.1) 69(2.7) 82(3.2) 70(2.8) 54(2.1) 60(2.4) 59(2.3) 72(2.8) 754(29.7) Average relative humidity (%) 89 82 75 70 70 71 69 71 75 80 85 88 77 Mean monthly sunshine hours 58.9 90.4 133.3 168.0 210.8 225.0 251.1 226.3 183.0 127.1 72.0 58.9 1,804.8 Mean daily sunshine hours 1.9 3.2 4.3 5.6 6.8 7.5 8.1 7.3 6.1 4.1 2.4 1.9 4.9 Source: DWD(Precipitation), Weather2visit

History

[edit] Calw was first mentioned in records in 1037. In the 11th century, the town grew around the older castle of the Grafen (Counts/Earls) of Calw. In the Middle Ages, Calw was an important commercial town, especially in the cloth and leather trades. In 1345, Calw became part of Württemberg, and by the 16th century, it had become the summer residence of the Dukes of Württemberg. In the 18th century, Calw flourished from the lumber trade and rafting of timber on the river Nagold. Calw in 1910. In 1945, a small subcamp of Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, where parts for aircraft were assembled by female Jewish forced laborers, was located here. After the World War II, Calw fell into the French zone of occupation and thus came to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern in 1947. In 1952, the provisional post-war state in the administrative region of South Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged and has since belonged to the new state of Baden-Württemberg.[citation needed] The most prominent resident of Calw was the author and Nobel prize winner Hermann Hesse. The district reform of 1 January 1973 gave the district of Calw its current size. It became a part of the newly founded Northern Black Forest Region, which itself was assigned to the administrative region of Karlsruhe. On 1 January 1975, Calw was combined with the communities of Altburg, Hirsau and Stammheim into the town of Calw-Hirsau. On 1 January 1976, the combined municipality was renamed as Calw. Religious history[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Calw was originally part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer. From 1534, in Calw as in the rest of the Duchy of Württemberg, the Reformation took force. In 1555, Calw became the seat of a deanery, which still exists today. The Deanery of Calw encompasses 43 congregations of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg. In the town of Calw there is the greater congregation of Calw, comprising the town-centre congregation (Calw Stadtkirche), the Bergkirche congregation of Wimberg/Alzenberg, and the Versöhnungskirche congregation of Heumaden, of which the last two came into existence only after the arrival of Heimatvertriebene after World War II. There are also congregations in the villages of Altburg, Hirsau, Holzbronn und Stammheim. There is also a congregation of the United Methodist Church, an independent Protestant church, in Calw. In the 19th century, Catholics returned to Calw. In 1885–1886, they founded the parish of St. Josef, which later became the seat of a deanery within the diocese of Rottenburg (today Rottenburg-Stuttgart). The parish of St. Josef covers the entire territory of the town as well as several surrounding communities. The New Apostolic Church is represented in Calw and in the villages or hamlets of Heumaden, Holzbronn, and . A congregation of Seventh-day Adventists was founded in Calw in 1914. Population[edit] Populations within the town limits of Calw as defined for each date; the numbers are estimates or census results of the respective statistical agencies (by primary residence): Data sources: census results (¹) or data from statistical offices Year/Date Inhabitants 1525 approx 1,500 1622 2,545 1702 1,896 1803 3,199 1849 4,529 1 December 1871 5,582 1 December 1880 ¹ 4,662 1 December 1890 ¹ 4,522 1 December 1900 ¹ 4,943 1 December 1910 ¹ 5,595 16 June 1925 ¹ 5,681 16 June 1933 ¹ 5,478 17 May 1939 ¹ 6,160 Year/Date Inhabitants 1946 6,795 13 September 1950 ¹ 7,416 6 June 1961 ¹ 9,690 27 May 1970 ¹ 13,075 31 December 1975 21,561 31 December 1980 23,165 27 May 1987 ¹ 21,018 31 December 1990 22,668 31 December 1995 23,709 31 December 2000 23,357 31 December 2005 23,828 31 December 2010 23,230 31 December 2015 23,232

Politics

[edit] Municipal council[edit] Since the municipal elections of 7 June 2009 the municipal council of Calw has had a total of thirty members (previously there were only twenty-seven). The Lord Mayor (in German "Oberbürgermeister") has a votes and acts as the chairperson of the council. The municipal election of 25 May 2014 yielded these results: Party Percentage of votes + / - Seats + / - Free Voters 33.0% - 2.7 10 -1 Christian Democratic Union 20.4% - 3.0 6 - 1 Social Democratic Party 13.7% - 0.3 4 ± 0 Neue Liste Calw 17.3% + 9.8 5 + 3 Gemeinsam für Calw 15.7% + 15.7 5 + 5 Mayor[edit] By the 15th century, Calw had an electoral system that chose a new mayor (Bürgermeister) every two years. Proof exists for a council as far back as 1453. Since its elevation to the rank of a große Kreisstadt in 1976, the mayor has carried the title of Oberbürgermeister (Lord Mayor). An elected deputy mayor carries the title Bürgermeister. Mayors and lord mayors[edit] 1799–1802: Ernst Friedrich Wagner 1802–1809: Ernst Bernhard Wagner 1809–1817: Johann Gottfried Konrad und Johann Naschold 1817–1820: Carl Friedrich von Gärtner 1820–1826: Johann Jakob Hess 1826–1835: Johann Friedrich Dreiß 1835–1884: Christian Friedrich Schuldt 1884–1902: Hermann Haffner 1902–1918: Eduard Conz 1918–1946: Otto Göhner 1946–1948: Oskar Blessing 1948–1965: Reinhold Seeber 1965–1991: Karl-Heinz Lehmann 1991–1998: Herbert Karl 1999–2003: Werner Spec (no party) 2003–2011: Manfred Dunst (Free Voters) 2011–2019: Ralf Eggert (no party) since 2019: Florian Kling (SPD) Coat of arms[edit] The coat of arms of the town of Calw shows a red lion with a blue tongue and blue crown standing atop a blue hill with three ridges, all against a golden background. The town flag is red-gold. The lion on the three-ridged hill is the coat of arms of the counts of Calw, the former lords of the town. The coat of arms has been used for centuries and was reapproved for use by the state government when the town was expanded in 1976.

Economy

[edit] More than 8,000 people are employed in Calw, of which more than 5,200 work in the service sector and around 2,700 in the goods-producing sector.[citation needed]

Transport

[edit] Calw is served by Bundesstraßen (federal highways) 295, 296 und 463. Climbing out of the Nagold valley toward Stuttgart, Bundesstraße 296 has two lanes. This 2.7 km section thereby makes it possible to pass slower vehicles in two switchbacks. The Nagold Valley Railway, which runs from Pforzheim to Hochdorf in Nagold, has two stops in Calw: the new Calw Station, which is adjacent to the central bus station, as well as a stop in Hirsau. The former Calw Station, which stood outside the town centre, was removed from service. The imposing station hall has been converted to other uses. It was formerly a connecting station for the Black Forest Railway to Stuttgart, whose western extension to Calw was closed in 1988. Since the purchase by Calw District in 1994 of the closed railway section to Weil der Stadt, the district has been pushing for a restoration of service as part of the Hermann Hesse Railway project.[citation needed] Several bus lines provide public transportation. Buses of the agencies Regional Bus Stuttgart, Däuble Reisen, Bolz Reisen, and SüdwestBus offer connections to Unterreichenbach, Böblingen, Sindelfingen and Weil der Stadt (Regional Bus Stuttgart) as well as to Herrenberg (Däuble Reisen).

Government and military

[edit] Calw is the seat of the district council of Calw District. There is also a tax office a local court, which belongs to the judicial districts of the state court Tübingen and of the superior state court of Stuttgart. The Kommando Spezialkräfte (Special Operations Forces) of the German Army has been stationed since 1996 in the Graf Zeppelin barracks (Graf-Zeppelin-Kaserne) near Heumaden in Calw.

Culture, art, and tourism

[edit] Calw has a small historic centre that was largely untouched by the last war. Many guests visit the town's marketplace and the Nikolausbrücke (a historic bridge). Calw has begun catering to the tourist trade, with numerous shops, restaurants, bistros and ice-cream parlours. In the 1970s part of the historic centre was replaced with a shopping centre.[citation needed] Soon after, the town centre was closed off and established as a pedestrian zone. Buildings with exposed concrete (bus station, parking garage) have marked the part of the town centre facing the Nagold for years. A shopping centre built around 2000 borders the historic centre to the north.[citation needed] One of the cultural high points of the calendar in Calw is the Calw Hermann Hesse Prize. Every other year it honors literary journals and translators that have focused on the work of Hermann Hesse. In the Hermann Hesse Colloquium, current issues having to do with Hermann Hesse are discussed in Calw by international experts. Every year in the Benedictine ruins of the Monastery of St. Peter und Paul the theatre festival "Calwer Klostersommer in Hirsau" (Calw Monastery Summer in Hirsau) takes place. This replaced the Klosterspiele Hirsau (Monastery Plays of Hirsau), which were rich in tradition. Hermann Hesse's Gerbersau stories provide the material for the yearly "Gerbersauer Lesesommer“ (Gerbersau Reading Summer). Stories and anecdotes are read from more than three dozen stories and reflections of Hermann Hesse about life in Gerbersau, his literary pseudonym for Calw. A feature of the reading series is the frequent use of settings from Hesse's life. A cultural strength of the Hesse Town is music; worth mentioning are the Aurelius-Sängerknaben (Aurelius Boys' Choir), whose fame extends far beyond the borders of Baden-Württemberg. Further musical features include concert series in the Evangelical Lutheran Stadtkirche (Town Church) and in the St. Aurelius Church.

Notable people

[edit] Ulrich Rülein von Calw by a fountain in Freiberg Hermann Hesse Johannes Valentinus Andreae (1586–1654), clergyman, linked to Rosicrucianism Gottfried von Calw (d.1131), Count Palatine of the Rhine, from 1113 to 1129 Ulrich Rülein von Calw (1465–1523), doctor, mathematician, astrologer, town planner and mayor of Freiberg Joseph Gärtner (1732–1791), botanist, worked on seeds. Karl Friedrich von Gaertner (1772–1850), botanist, the son of Joseph Gaertner August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803–1861), historian and deputy of the Frankfurt National Assembly. Hermann Gundert (1814-1893), Indologist, translated Malayalam bible, grandfather of Herm.Hesse, died locally Hermann Hesse (1877–1962), Swiss poet, novelist and painter, winner of Nobel Prize in Literature in 1946 Frank Hölzle (born 1968), professor of oral and maxillofacial surgery Peter Lehmann (born 1950), social scientist, honorary doctor of the University of Thessaloniki, Knight of the Federal Cross of Merit Jörg Lutz (born 1963), independent politician, mayor of Lörrach Silke Maier-Witt (born 1950), former member of the Red Army Faction, later became a trauma psychologist Konrad Rieger (1855–1939), psychiatrist Rudolf Schlichter (1890–1955), painter, engraver and writer. Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer (1922–1950), Luftwaffe night fighter pilot of WWII Sport[edit] brothers Sascha Goc (born 1979), Marcel Goc (born 1983) & Nikolai Goc (born 1986), ice hockey players Chantal Hagel (born 1998), footballer, played 170 games and 13 for Germany women

From Wikipedia

Literary Footsteps

Seasonal Rhythm of the Black Forest Edge