Introduction
City in Altai Krai, Russia
For other uses, see Barnaul (disambiguation).
City in Altai Krai, RussiaBarnaul
БарнаулCityBarnaul as seen from the Nagorny Park
FlagCoat of armsInteractive map of BarnaulBarnaulLocation of BarnaulShow map of RussiaBarnaulBarnaul (Altai Krai)Show map of Altai KraiCoordinates: 53°20′55″N 83°46′35″E / 53.34861°N 83.77639°E / 53.34861; 83.77639CountryRussiaFederal subjectAltai KraiEstablished1730City status since1771Government • BodyCity Duma • HeadVyacheslav FrankArea • Total940 km2 (360 sq mi)Elevation180 m (590 ft)Population (2010 Census) • Total612,401 • Estimate (2025)700,326 (+14.4%) • Rank21st in 2010 • Density650/km2 (1,700/sq mi)Administrative status • Subordinated toCity of krai significance of Barnaul • Capital ofAltai Krai, City of krai significance of BarnaulMunicipal status • Urban okrugBarnaul Urban Okrug • Capital ofBarnaul Urban OkrugTime zoneUTC+7 (MSK+4 )Postal codes656000, 656002–656004, 656006, 656008, 656010–656012, 656015, 656016, 656018, 656019, 656021, 656023–656025, 656031, 656033, 656035–656039, 656043–656045, 656048–656050, 656052–656060, 656062–656068, 656700, 656880, 656890, 656899, 656905, 656960, 656961, 656963–656966, 656998, 656999, 901024, 901213Dialing code+7 3852OKTMO ID01701000001City DayOne of the weekend days in August or SeptemberWebsitebarnaul.org
Barnaul (Russian: Барнау́л, IPA: [bərnɐˈul] ⓘ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the 2021 census, its population was 630,877, making it the 20th-largest city in Russia and the fourth-largest in the Siberian Federal District.[citation needed]
Located in the south of western Siberia on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy Demidov family, who intended to develop the production of copper and silver, which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.
Administrative and municipal status
[edit]
Barnaul is the administrative centre of the krai. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the work settlement of Yuzhny and twenty-four rural localities, incorporated as the city of krai significance of Barnaul – an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Barnaul is incorporated as Barnaul Urban Okrug.
Geography
[edit]
Barnaul is located in the forest steppe zone of the West Siberian Plain, on the left bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Barnaulka.
The border with Kazakhstan is 345 km (210 mi) to the south, which makes Barnaul the closest major city to the Altai Mountains. The city is also situated relatively close to the Russian border with Mongolia and the border with China.
History
[edit]
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Barnaul.
Ancient history[edit]
The area around the city has been inhabited by modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans, for hundreds of thousands of years. They settled here to take advantage of the confluence of the rivers, used for transportation and fishing. In the late BC millennia, the locality was a centre of activity for Scythian and various Turkic peoples.
Russian Empire[edit]
Barnaul in the 1880s
While 1730 is considered Barnaul's official establishment date, its first mention dates back to 1724. It was granted city status in 1771. Chosen for its proximity to the mineral-rich Altai Mountains and its location on a major river, it was founded by the wealthy Demidov family. The Demidovs wanted to develop the copper in the mountains, and soon found substantial deposits of silver as well. In 1747, the Demidovs' factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became the centre of silver production of the Russian Empire.
In 1914, Barnaul was the site of the largest conscription riot in Russia during World War I. There were more than 100 casualties from the fighting.
Mary 'Marie' 'Maria' Stepanovna Zudilova Tatuloff Zacharenko Gurdin (1908–1998) was reputedly born in this city. She later became the mother of American actresses Natalie and Lana Wood. Her father Stepan was reputedly killed in the 1918 street fighting between the Whites and Reds following the Revolution. Afterward her mother took Mary and her siblings as refugees to Harbin, China. Mary married Alexander Tatuloff there in 1925, and they had a daughter Olga together. Mary eventually immigrated to the United States, where she divorced Alexander in 1936 and later married Nicholas Zacharenko, from Ussuriysk, and had two daughters with him.[citation needed]
World War II[edit]
Over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in World War II is estimated to have been manufactured in Barnaul. In connection with the formation of the Polish Anders' Army, a Polish diplomatic post was located in the city from November 1941 to July 1942.
Recent history[edit]
In 2012, when residents of Barnaul were denied a permit for a street protest, they ingeniously circumvented the restriction by staging a demonstration with toys such as teddy bears, Lego figures, and toy soldiers holding signs denouncing electoral corruption. The photos of these rebellious figurines quickly spread across Russia, prompting others to replicate the protest. Faced with an awkward dilemma, Putin's government decided to ban the toy protests, asserting that toys, not being Russian citizens, were ineligible to participate in public gatherings, as explained by a government official.
Demographics
[edit]
Historical populationYearPop.±%189721,073—    192673,206+247.4%1939148,162+102.4%1959305,046+105.9%1970439,134+44.0%YearPop.±%1979533,263+21.4%1989601,811+12.9%2002600,749−0.2%2010612,401+1.9%2021630,877+3.0%Source: Russian Census
As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Barnaul was:
Ethnicity
Population
Percentage
Russians
492,285
95.9%
Tajiks
2,701
0.5%
Germans
2,644
0.5%
Ukrainians
1,759
0.3%
Armenians
1,668
0.3%
Other Ethnicities
12,398
2.4%
Economy
[edit]
Barnaul is an important industrial centre of Western Siberia. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120,000 people. Leading industries include diesel and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear. The Barnaul Cartridge Plant, a major manufacturer of small-arms ammunition, is located in the city.
Transportation
[edit]
Barnaul railway station
Barnaul is located on the South Siberian, Turk–Sib and Omsk–Barnaul railway lines.
Barnaul has public transport of buses, minibuses, trolleybuses, trams and taxies.
Intercity bus routes are operate to Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Biysk, Rubtsovsk and other cities. Also there are bus routes to Kazakhstan cities Oskemen, Pavlodar.
Barnaul International Airport is located 16 kilometres west of the city center. It is served by airlines such as Aeroflot, S7, Nordwind, Iraero and Ural Airlines. It has regular flights to Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Surgut etc.
Climate
[edit]
The humid continental climate of Barnaul (Köppen Dfb) is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian forest steppe: it is subject to long winters, with an average of −15.5 °C (4.1 °F) in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of 19.9 °C (67.8 °F) in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below −45 °C (−49 °F) in the winter to above 35 °C (95 °F) in the summer.
The climate is relatively dry. The average precipitation in the area is 433 mm (17.0 in) per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season. This means snow packs can be quite moderate in spite of the cold temperatures.
Climate data for Barnaul (1991–2020, extremes 1838–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
5.3(41.5)
7.4(45.3)
16.4(61.5)
32.3(90.1)
37.4(99.3)
38.5(101.3)
37.9(100.2)
38.3(100.9)
34.4(93.9)
27.4(81.3)
16.6(61.9)
7.2(45.0)
38.5(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
−11.4(11.5)
−7.8(18.0)
0.2(32.4)
11.5(52.7)
20.2(68.4)
24.8(76.6)
26.3(79.3)
24.5(76.1)
17.6(63.7)
9.6(49.3)
−2.2(28.0)
−8.8(16.2)
8.7(47.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−16.2(2.8)
−13.6(7.5)
−5.7(21.7)
5.0(41.0)
12.9(55.2)
18.2(64.8)
19.9(67.8)
17.6(63.7)
11.0(51.8)
4.0(39.2)
−6.2(20.8)
−13.1(8.4)
2.8(37.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
−20.7(−5.3)
−18.7(−1.7)
−10.9(12.4)
−0.3(31.5)
6.4(43.5)
12.0(53.6)
14.2(57.6)
11.8(53.2)
5.6(42.1)
−0.2(31.6)
−9.9(14.2)
−17.6(0.3)
−2.4(27.7)
Record low °C (°F)
−48.2(−54.8)
−46.1(−51.0)
−38.9(−38.0)
−27.6(−17.7)
−8.8(16.2)
−1.2(29.8)
2.9(37.2)
0.0(32.0)
−7.8(18.0)
−27.0(−16.6)
−42.8(−45.0)
−43.9(−47.0)
−48.2(−54.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
23(0.9)
18(0.7)
19(0.7)
28(1.1)
41(1.6)
54(2.1)
72(2.8)
45(1.8)
36(1.4)
35(1.4)
40(1.6)
32(1.3)
443(17.4)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
38(15)
47(19)
45(18)
6(2.4)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
1(0.4)
8(3.1)
23(9.1)
47(19)
Average rainy days
0.4
1
3
12
17
16
17
15
16
14
6
1
118
Average snowy days
22
20
16
9
2
0.1
0
0
1
10
18
24
122
Average relative humidity (%)
78
76
74
63
55
64
70
70
69
73
79
79
71
Mean monthly sunshine hours
77
112
178
218
272
315
320
265
199
109
75
64
2,204
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net
Source 2: NOAA (sun only, 1961–1990)
A historical wooden house in Barnaul on the Socialisticheskiy Prospect
A historical wooden house used to be as the Imperator Restaurant (former Russian Tea Restaurant), now under reconstruction
Modern apartment building, built in 2010
Park in Barnaul
The Ob River in Barnaul
Notable people
[edit]
Alexander von Bunge, botanist, worked in Barnaul
Maria Butina, alleged agent of Russia, and member of the State Duma
Aleksey Chuklin, racing driver
Yakov Erlikh, is a Russian professional football player
Pyotr Kozmitch Frolov, scientist and inventor
Valery Kopytov, serial killer
Tatyana Kotova, Olympic champion in long jump
Kirill Marchenko, NHL professional ice hockey player
Julia Neigel, singer, songwriter
Ivan Nifontov, World champion and Olympic medalist in Judo
Alexey Novikov-Priboy, writer
Ivan Polzunov, inventor, creator of the first two-cylinder engine in the world
Anastasiia Salos, European and world medalist rhythmic gymnast
Konstantin Scherbakov, pianist
Sergey Shubenkov, track and field athlete, 2015 world champion
Nadezhda Shuvayeva-Olkhova, Olympic champion in basketball
Alexey Smertin, former captain of the Russia national football team
Rita Streich, coloratura soprano
Andrei Svechnikov, professional NHL ice hockey player
Evgeny Svechnikov, professional NHL and KHL ice hockey player
Nikolai Yadrintsev, explorer and archeologist, discoveries include the Orkhon script, Genghis Khan's capital, Karakorum
Mikhail Yakubov, NHL and KHL professional ice hockey player
Mikhail Yevdokimov, comedian and former governor of Altai Krai
Maxim Zimin, racing driver
Maria Zudilova, mother of Natalie Wood
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia
Barnaul is twinned with:
Baicheng, China
Changji, China
Flagstaff, United States
Öskemen, Kazakhstan
Shumen, Bulgaria
